(larger view)
Despite the incorrectly written characters, 伊勢 or 伊勢囯 is a province in Japan. 戦国 or 戦国時代 is referring to Japan’s Warring State Period which is roughly from mid 15th to early 17th century. 戦国村 could either be a village or a compound from the Warring State Period.
For those who are not familiar with Japanese history or read the five characters on the parasol as Chinese, 伊勢戦国村 might mean something like “Iraqi/Iranian warring/conflicting village”.The reason why it might mean either “Iraqi” or “Iranian” is because both terms were phonetically translated into Chinese and often abbreviated using just the first character. 伊拉克 is “Iraq” and 伊朗 for “Iran”.
Alan says...
ReplyDelete伊勢戦国村 is the former name of a theme park in 伊勢市 (Ise City) Japan. The park is now called 伊勢・安土桃山文化村 (Ise Ando Momoyama Bunka Mura).
http://www.ise-bunkamura.co.jp/
The theme park is laid out in the form of a town featuring a prominent castle and other features of Japan during its 戦国時代, hence the name.
The umbrella may have actually been one from the park that was disposed of when they changed the name and no longer needed items bearing the old name.
This form of the character 勢 could be a somewhat unusual abbreviated Japanese form, but I am not sure.
It is interesting that the name of the theme park can be read in Chinese as having something to do with war in Iran or Iraq, but that is probably just a coincidence.
I wrote...
ReplyDeleteThe park is now called 伊勢・安土桃山文化村 (Ise Ando Momoyama Bunka Mura).
Whoops! I am afraid my Japanese history is not so good. This should be correctly read:
伊勢・安土桃山文化村
Ise Azuchi Momoyama Bunka Mura
This 安土桃山 comes from 安土桃山時代 which is a different period of Japanese history from 戦国時代, so presumably they changed the name of the theme park for some reason having to do with historical accuracy.
By the way, a stylized 伊勢戦国村 something like the former "logo" of the park appears below, so you can compare the character forms on the parasol with those in the logo:
http://machi.fukushi-net.com/episode/yajikita/08/13/sengoku.html
I agree that the umbrella probably comes from the theme park in Japan. I think the "incorrectly written" characters are probably just stylized, rather than mistaken.
ReplyDeleteThere's another photo of one of those umbrellas (found in Valparaiso, Chile, of all places) here:
http://www.190centimeter.com/archives/50216233.html
I imagine they were mass-produced as a souvenir for purchase at the park.
I don't think it's stylized. I think it's a mistake, written on a cheap umbrella to sell to people who can't read characters. A quick image search gives me the blog of a Japanese backpacker who found it in a shop window in South America ...
ReplyDeletehttp://www.190centimeter.com/archives/50216233.html#more
Besides, would they really print 国 as having 王 inside instead of 玉?
羽之助:
ReplyDeletewould they really print 国 as having 王 inside instead of 玉?
Alan:
I looked into this and found that a Japanese 漢和辞典 lists this form (having 王 instead of 玉 inside 囗) as being a nonstandard variation (俗字) of 国.
An interesting discussion of this appears here:
http://book.shinchosha.co.jp/shoushin/kanji_ichiran/kanji9810.html
Paraphrased, the author is saying that abbreviated forms of the character 國 containing either 王 or 玉 insice 囗 have been used since ancient times, and the 王 variation appears to have been the more common variant.
(Meaning-wise too, it seemed reasonable for a country, especially a kingdom, to be written using the character for king (王) inside an enclosure.)
In fact, even in China, the name of the country 太平天国 as it appeared on their coins used the 王 variant.
Prewar Japanese character lists also used the 王 variant for 國. The author is somewhat perplexed as to why the 玉 variant ended up being adopted as the standard abbreviated character on the 1949 list of Toyo Kanji.
The author speculates that perhaps the use of the 王 variant could be considered to be supportive of the king (emperor) and have been inappropriate for postwar Japan.
Similarly, in Mainland China, when proposing abbreviated forms of characters, they had intentionally avoided the 王 variant as being incompatible with Communist ideology.
Alan adds...
ReplyDeleteLook carefully at the Unicode standard version of 国 which appears here:
http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=56fd
You will see that there is no "dot," so the character inside 囗 is 王 not 玉.
A nice picture of the 太平天国 coin appears here:
http://page14.auctions.yahoo.co.jp/jp/auction/s28018761?u=yamato_auction
Again, no dot in 国.
http://www.earnshaw.com/shanghai-ed-india/tales/t-images/taiping.jpg
ReplyDeleteThe Taiping official seal used jade instead of king, though, so while it may have been a variant, I'm still not convinced. The park doesn't appear to have an email address, but there must be some way of contacting them to settle this.
Alan says...
ReplyDeleteThe Chinese Wikipedia article on the Taiping Rebellion has this to say:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD
太平天国（太平天囯，註：天國以「囯」代「國」，取王居其中义）
Here, they clearly note the use of the 囯 variant character in contrast to 国 and 國. (Unfortunately, I do not read Chinese well enough to tell exactly what the author is saying.)
Period theme parks like that are pretty common in Japan, and at least some of them do sell souvenir umbrellas. My wife had one from Something Edo Mura years ago. But it had nicely-written characters on it. The kanji in the picture look like they were written by Japanese 5th graders. I can't believe that any theme park would sell souvenirs with such miserable-looking kanji. I can't imagine any Japanese person buying one. I think this is probably a copy of a real umbrella, produced and sold outside Japan.
ReplyDelete"quote"
ReplyDeletehttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD
太平天国（太平天囯，註：天國以「囯」代「國」，取王居其中义
"/quote"
Alan, what this meant was: in 天國, 囯」replaces「國. For the significance of having a king (王) residing within the country/kingdom.
Picochu,
ReplyDeleteThank you for the translation.
I find it very interesting that the author felt it necessary to give an explanation of the character 囯. This tells me that many Chinese people may not be familiar with the character. It certainly seems to be an unusual character.
Alan
Good grief, I think I've been to this theme park. (At least, I stood outside...I had arrived about an hour and a half before closing, and they still wanted to charge full price.)
ReplyDeleteThe English name of this park (that was all over the signage) was "Edo Wonderland."
Hi Alan, I did a bit of googling and found the answer.
ReplyDeleteApparently, 囯 was introduced during Taiping Rebellion. It was originally accepted as the replacement for 國 in 《汉字简化方案修订草案》(Chinese Characters Simplification Programme, revised draft) in 1955. However, the programme's committee felt that having a king in the country wouldn't be appropriate and added that dot. Afterall, the People's Republic of China had just overthrown the Qing Empire. "Reintroducing" 王 into country just doesn't make sense. "Freedom Fries" anyone? ;)
Apparently 囯 is an alternate character for 國 used by Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
ReplyDeletequote:
"In its first year, the Heavenly Kingdom minted coins that were 23 mm to 26 mm in diameter, weighing around 4.1 g. The inscription 太平天囯 ("The Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace") was on the front and 聖寶 ("Holy Treasure") on the back. Unlike the canonical character 國 for "country" used at that time, the Kingdom chose alternative variant form 囯 instead, which is a king inside a boundary. It somewhat resembles the simplified character 国 that was created by the PRC government."